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Abraham Lincoln’s declaration of freedom for enslaved people living in Confederate-controlled areas on January 1, 1863.
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Organizations established by former abolitionists to aid formerly enslaved people, one of which provide food and medical supplies to the Exodusters in Kansas.
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The Bureau of Refugees, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands, a government agency formed in 1865 and administered by the army in the area of the former Confederacy. It afforded aid and protection to freed people and assistance to poor white southerners.
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The period following the Civil War when radical Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policy, enacting legislation to protect the rights of Black citizens, especially the people recently freed from slavery.
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A massacre of captured U.S. troops, half of whom were Black, ordered by General Nathan Bedford Forrest when Fort Pillow fell to Confederate troops in the spring of 1864.
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An 1865 constitutional amendment that outlawed slavery in the United States except as a punishment for a crime.
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An 1868 constitutional amendment removing racial restrictions on citizenship and mandating equal justice before the law.
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The separation of Black and white people into separate racial groups in daily life.
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A university located in Nashville, Tennessee, founded in 1866 to offer higher education to African American students.
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African Americans who fled the South in search of better opportunities and treatment in the West after the Civil War.
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An 1870 constitutional amendment forbidding discrimination in voting on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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Promoted the settlement of formerly enslaved people in the American colony of Liberia, in West Africa.