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This design eliminates the possibility of testing-X interaction.
Resembles the one-group pretest-posttest design except multiple observations are made before and after the treatment.
Randomization rules out this threat to internal validity.
Pretests and posttests are administered to experimental conditions but random assignment is not possible.
An experiment in which two or more variables are manipulated.
May be confounded with the independent variable when a single group is studied over an extended period of time.
Selection and differential attribution are the primary threats to internal validity of this design.
A matter of how well an experiment controls for the effects of extraneous variables.
Loss of subjects varies across experimental conditions.
The effect of X on Y depends on Z.
A threat to internal validity when a single group is measured at two or more points in time.
May occur when measurement of the dependent variable varies over time or experimental conditions.