.png){kind=icon}
Systematic measurement error associated with question wording or characteristics of respondents and interviewers.
Automates data collection by prompting introductions to questions, skipping irrelevant questions, and entering data directly into a computer file.
In this type of interview, interviewers are not supposed to deviate from question order or wording.
Traces changes over time by repeatedly asking questions of the same individuals.
This survey mode takes the least time but also requires the simplest questions.
The object is to convince persons in the sample to participate in the survey.
Questionnaire form used by an interviewer.
The least expensive survey mode, which also tends to have the lowest sample quality.
May be used to reach different sets of respondents or to ask different types of questions.
To study relationships among social actors, every person in the group is surveyed.
The most costly survey mode.
Traces changes over time by asking questions of independent samples of the same target population.